The time for one complete up and down motion is the wave’s period T T size 12. It causes a sea gull to move up and down in simple harmonic motion as the wave crests and troughs (peaks and valleys) pass under the bird. The wave is an up and down disturbance of the water surface. Let us start by considering the simplified water wave in Figure 16.30. The simplest waves repeat themselves for several cycles and are associated with simple harmonic motion.
All wave characteristics can be described by a small set of underlying principles.Ī wave is a disturbance that propagates, or moves from the place it was created. Water waves exhibit characteristics common to all waves, such as amplitude, period, frequency and energy. Visualizing water waves is useful because there is more to it than just a mental image. Even radio waves are most easily understood using an analogy with water waves. For earthquakes, there are several types of disturbances, including disturbance of Earth’s surface and pressure disturbances under the surface.
For sound waves, the disturbance is a change in air pressure, perhaps created by the oscillating cone inside a speaker. For water waves, the disturbance is in the surface of the water, perhaps created by a rock thrown into a pond or by a swimmer splashing the surface repeatedly. More precisely, a wave is a disturbance that propagates, or moves from the place it was created. What do we mean when we say something is a wave? The most intuitive and easiest wave to imagine is the familiar water wave. Figure 16.29 Waves in the ocean behave similarly to all other types of waves.
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